{"id":60365,"date":"2025-10-21T21:46:37","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T18:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pivnyk.com.ua\/about-pivnyk\/"},"modified":"2026-02-17T10:36:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T08:36:54","slug":"about-pivnyk","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/en\/about-pivnyk\/","title":{"rendered":"About Pivnyk"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"60365\" class=\"elementor elementor-60365\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222bf93 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"222bf93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ebf9f7 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"8ebf9f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a48214 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2a48214\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be1703\" data-id=\"1be1703\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f686353 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f686353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the Pivnyk Foundation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6d7d08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"f6d7d08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f97a5f\" data-id=\"6f97a5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9803e sticky-tabs de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"2d9803e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"content-tabs\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-2d9803e\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-vertical eael-tab-auto-active eael-tab-toggle active-caret-on\" data-tabid=\"2d9803e\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav\">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"history\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"history-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-before-icon\" >History<\/span>                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"author\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"author-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-before-icon\" >Author<\/span>                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"manufacturing-technology\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"manufacturing-technology-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-before-icon\" >Manufacturing Technology<\/span>                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"makers-marks\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"makers-marks-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-before-icon\" >Maker\u2019s Marks<\/span>                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"symbol-amp-meaning\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"symbol-amp-meaning-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-before-icon\" >Symbol &amp; Meaning<\/span>                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div 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.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-11880b7.ob-harakiri > p{transform:rotate(0deg);}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-11880b7 > div{text-indent:0px;mix-blend-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fa64fd0{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-16431e6{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bb9bd15 img, .elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bb9bd15 svg{border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bb9bd15{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-417657a{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b1545bd{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img, .elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2c45e5e{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img, .elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{border-radius:30px 30px 30px 30px;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353{transition:all 400ms;}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6{text-align:center;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:22px;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60441 .elementor-element.elementor-element-11880b7{font-size:12px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"60441\" class=\"elementor elementor-60441 elementor-59611\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd2bf73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"bd2bf73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d2305\" data-id=\"22d2305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76286b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"76286b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12672bc\" data-id=\"12672bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d4a6 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d5d4a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">History<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-588fc7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"588fc7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20191c9\" data-id=\"20191c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00da14d ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00da14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ceramics are one of the oldest materials invented by humankind, dating back to 29\u201325 thousand BC. There are several types of ceramics:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Porous ceramics (faience)<\/li>\n<li>Dense ceramics (porcelain)<\/li>\n<li>Unglazed ceramics<\/li>\n<li>Glazed ceramics (majolica)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-958934a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"958934a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e4a92f\" data-id=\"2e4a92f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7eabc ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7eabc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Majolica refers to crafts made from colored, fired clay. They are covered with a glaze, and then a pattern is applied.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4af7444 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"4af7444\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-abc67eb\" data-id=\"abc67eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11880b7 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11880b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In everyday life, majolica was used both decoratively\u2014vases, figurines, panels, decorative tableware\u2014and functionally, as utilitarian ware. In Ukraine in the 20th century, one of the main producers of ceramics was the Majolica Factory in Vasylkiv.<\/p>\n<p>In 1928, sixteen potters united into an artel \u201cCeramic\u201d under the leadership of Oleksandr Usov in the town of Vasylkiv in Kyiv region. They had ten potter\u2019s wheels and two kilns and they produced simple crafts. In 1931, the production technology was improved. <\/p>\n<p>In 1933, only three potters and four painters stayed with the artel. And in 1934, it was reorganized into the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory. n 1943, during the World War II, the factory was partially destroyed. However, in 1946 it started its work again, producing the same items after the war. They were different vases, animal sculptures, decorative plates, milk and brew crockery, bowls, flowerpots and others. The items were decorated in the tradition of Ukrainian folk ceramics.<\/p>\n<p>In 1956, the reconstruction of the factory started. The production process was partially mechanized and new buildings were built transforming the previous factory into a more powerful enterprise, with a new tunnel kiln 80 meters long, molding and stamping shops. The hand-painting was preserved. The 1960s-1980s were the golden times for the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory. Vasylkiv majolica meant quality and artistic value. Thanks to its statuettes, the Vasylkiv majolica items became an important part of home decor at that time. (The possessive form was incorrect but \u201cin those times\u201d is correct. However, I\u2019d go with at that time.<\/p>\n<p>However, in 1992, that began to change. Prices for gas were raised and from the moment the ceramics production became unprofitable. On Oct the 20th, 1988, the Commercial Court of Kyiv Region initiated ban\u0441kruptsy procedure against Vasylkiv Majolica Factory. In 2002, the factory was declared bankrupt and was liquidated. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa64fd0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"fa64fd0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-16431e6\" data-id=\"16431e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb9bd15 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bb9bd15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"659\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-1024x659.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59613\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-1024x659.png 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-768x494.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-1536x988.png 1536w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-1200x772.png 1200w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30.png 1754w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-417657a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"417657a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1545bd\" data-id=\"b1545bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fda7bd de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6fda7bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"711\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6ed3c2458ec00dfc488fa932ef042eb2128e2a3b-1024x711.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59617\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6ed3c2458ec00dfc488fa932ef042eb2128e2a3b-1024x711.png 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6ed3c2458ec00dfc488fa932ef042eb2128e2a3b-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6ed3c2458ec00dfc488fa932ef042eb2128e2a3b-768x533.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6ed3c2458ec00dfc488fa932ef042eb2128e2a3b-1200x833.png 1200w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6ed3c2458ec00dfc488fa932ef042eb2128e2a3b.png 1316w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c45e5e\" data-id=\"2c45e5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa2353 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fa2353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ddd.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"author-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"author-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bd2bf73{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-22d2305{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-76286b6{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-12672bc{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );font-size:36px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri > div, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri > h1, .elementor-60443 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);font-size:14px;transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > div, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h1, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h2, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h3, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h4, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h5, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h6, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > p{transform:rotate(0deg);}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d > div{text-indent:0px;mix-blend-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-958934a{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2e4a92f{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7 );--textColor:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7 );font-size:14px;transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > div, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > h1, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > h2, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > h3, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > h4, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > h5, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > h6, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc.ob-harakiri > p{transform:rotate(0deg);}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc > div{text-indent:0px;mix-blend-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-417657a{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b1545bd{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{width:370%;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{height:478px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img{height:478px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2c45e5e{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{width:530%;border-radius:30px 30px 30px 30px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{height:478px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img{height:478px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353{transition:all 400ms;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b1545bd{width:40%;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2c45e5e{width:60%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6{text-align:center;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:22px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{height:415px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img{height:415px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img, .elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{height:288px;}.elementor-60443 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img{height:288px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"60443\" class=\"elementor elementor-60443 elementor-59634\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd2bf73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"bd2bf73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d2305\" data-id=\"22d2305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76286b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"76286b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12672bc\" data-id=\"12672bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d4a6 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d5d4a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Author of the Rooster<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-588fc7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"588fc7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20191c9\" data-id=\"20191c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00da14d ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00da14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The couple Nadiia and Valerii Protoriev are among the most eminent ceramic artists<\/p>\n<p>Valerii Semenovych Protoriev was born on January 17, 1924, in the village of Voronivtsi, Vinnytsia Region, in a doctor\u2019s family. His father hoped he would follow in his footsteps, but Valerii was absolutely fascinated by art. In 1945, he got into the Kyiv College of Applied Arts.<\/p>\n<p>After graduating, Valerii and Nadiia joined the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory. They worked as artists and created a lot of majolica items like decorative tableware, gift sets, souvenirs and small-form sculptures. Nadiia Yukhymivna and Valerii Semenovych boldly reinterpreted the traditional floral patterns. Their works introduced strict functional shapes and restraint in decorative elements. From the mid-1960s, the Protorievs\u2019 artistic manner evolved and eventually formed the so-called \u201cProtoriev\u201d style. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-958934a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"958934a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e4a92f\" data-id=\"2e4a92f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7eabc ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7eabc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Valerii Semenovych is the author of the Vasylkiv Rooster. Later, based on his design, factory craftsmen began serial production of the roosters, and one of them survived the bombing of the village of Borodianka in the Kyiv Region in March 2022.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-417657a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"417657a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1545bd\" data-id=\"b1545bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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size-large wp-image-59636\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/994bfad0bb719a3a0f89ff20366ecbe153e9aa7c-873x1024.png 873w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/994bfad0bb719a3a0f89ff20366ecbe153e9aa7c-256x300.png 256w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/994bfad0bb719a3a0f89ff20366ecbe153e9aa7c-768x901.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/994bfad0bb719a3a0f89ff20366ecbe153e9aa7c.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 873px) 100vw, 873px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c45e5e\" data-id=\"2c45e5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa2353 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fa2353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab-1024x754.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59638\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab-1024x754.png 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab-768x565.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab-1536x1131.png 1536w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab-1200x883.png 1200w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e0d1f3662ebe22fcc0a9e7f06f2b1d215c3dc4ab.png 1894w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2c45e5e{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img, .elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{width:530%;border-radius:30px 30px 30px 30px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{height:478px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img{height:478px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353{transition:all 400ms;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b1545bd{width:40%;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2c45e5e{width:60%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6{text-align:center;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:22px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img, .elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{height:415px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img{height:415px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img, .elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{height:288px;}.elementor-60445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img{height:288px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"60445\" class=\"elementor elementor-60445 elementor-59642\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd2bf73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"bd2bf73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d2305\" data-id=\"22d2305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76286b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"76286b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12672bc\" data-id=\"12672bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d4a6 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d5d4a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manufacturing Technology<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-588fc7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"588fc7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20191c9\" data-id=\"20191c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00da14d ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00da14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Clay has been the most widespread and the cheapest material from the beginning of human civilization to the present day. It was always a valuable skill to make something from clay; whereas once it was a necessity, today ceramic pieces are produced mostly for decorative purposes. <\/p>\n<p>The Vasylkiv Majolica Factory\u2019s Rooster was made using a molding method. The slip, a mixture of water and clay, is poured into a two-part plaster mold. The next stage is drying and it is very critical: any inaccuracies result in defects (warping, cracking). The goal of this process is to evaporate moisture from the surface of the piece.     <\/p>\n<p>The next stage is firing. During this stage, the piece comes to a stone-like state, gaining strength and stability, and its shape is permanently set. <\/p>\n<p>Then comes glazing. Glaze is a glassy coating applied in a thin layer. Glazes can be transparent or colored. Color is achieved by adding various metal oxides or pigments to a clear glaze.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7bfb3b ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7bfb3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory, the glaze included additions of metal oxides such as: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To achieve a brown color \u2014 kaolin, titanium oxide, and pigment No.1968. <\/li>\n<li>Light brown \u2014 kaolin and iron oxide. <\/li>\n<li>Gray-green \u2014 kaolin, titanium oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide; to obtain a lighter shade copper oxide was also added.<\/li>\n<li>Manganese oxide; to achieve a lighter shade, copper oxide was also added. <\/li>\n<li>Brown-olive \u2014 kaolin, titanium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide. <\/li>\n<li>Soft gray-green \u2014 kaolin, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-958934a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"958934a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e4a92f\" data-id=\"2e4a92f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7eabc ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7eabc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the final stage the object was dipped into glaze so it flowed down by its own, creating unique blends of colors and patterns. Thus, it\u2019s hard to find two completely identical roosters. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-417657a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"417657a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1545bd\" data-id=\"b1545bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fda7bd de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6fda7bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"765\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1a0c0241825c2305b8350192566c46acc564f8bc-765x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59645\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1a0c0241825c2305b8350192566c46acc564f8bc-765x1024.png 765w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1a0c0241825c2305b8350192566c46acc564f8bc-224x300.png 224w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1a0c0241825c2305b8350192566c46acc564f8bc-768x1028.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1a0c0241825c2305b8350192566c46acc564f8bc.png 934w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c45e5e\" data-id=\"2c45e5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa2353 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fa2353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"772\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e323cd9a8e3d481d653581920493b6665cb4d4e8-1024x772.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59647\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e323cd9a8e3d481d653581920493b6665cb4d4e8-1024x772.png 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e323cd9a8e3d481d653581920493b6665cb4d4e8-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e323cd9a8e3d481d653581920493b6665cb4d4e8-768x579.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e323cd9a8e3d481d653581920493b6665cb4d4e8-1200x905.png 1200w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e323cd9a8e3d481d653581920493b6665cb4d4e8.png 1462w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"makers-marks-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"makers-marks-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bd2bf73{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-22d2305{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-76286b6{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-12672bc{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );font-size:36px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri > div, 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7 );--textColor:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7 );font-size:14px;transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > div, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h1, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h2, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h3, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h4, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h5, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h6, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > p{transform:rotate(0deg);}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d > div{text-indent:0px;mix-blend-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );--textColor:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );font-size:14px;transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > div, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > h1, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > h2, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > h3, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > h4, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > h5, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > h6, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b.ob-harakiri > p{transform:rotate(0deg);}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b > div{text-indent:0px;mix-blend-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2638175{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4faddf4{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa svg{width:169%;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa svg{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa img{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7644925{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 svg{width:168%;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 svg{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 img{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-89ed2b9{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7{text-align:center;transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 svg{width:168%;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 svg{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 img{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8433d04{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d svg{width:168%;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d svg{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d img{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e4aefc2{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd svg{width:168%;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd svg{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd img{height:208px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd{transition:all 400ms;}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6{text-align:center;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:22px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7bfb3b{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa svg{width:154%;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa svg{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99d60fa img{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 svg{width:154%;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 svg{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-99c1703 img{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 svg{width:154%;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 svg{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-cda4fc7 img{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d svg{width:154%;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d svg{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae6903d img{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd img, .elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd svg{width:154%;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd svg{height:190px;}.elementor-60447 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ab264cd img{height:190px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"60447\" class=\"elementor elementor-60447 elementor-59650\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd2bf73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"bd2bf73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d2305\" data-id=\"22d2305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76286b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"76286b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12672bc\" data-id=\"12672bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d4a6 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d5d4a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maker\u2019s Marks<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-588fc7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"588fc7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20191c9\" data-id=\"20191c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00da14d ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00da14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Vasylkiv Majolica Factory rooster was being produced in the 1960s\u20131980s. These conclusions can be made by the maker\u2019s marks on it.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7bfb3b ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7bfb3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Starting in 1955, the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory used a painted (inked) mark on its products. It depicted a stylized jug with the name \u201cVasylkiv\u201d in the center; below there was a grade mark: \u201cI\u201d, \u201cII\u201d, or \u201cIII.\u201d This mark was used until 1963.<\/p>\n<p>From 1963 to 1974, instead of a painted mark, they used a paper label. It showed a stylized little horse, and separate stamps indicated the grade and the price. A first-grade item cost 4\u201350, second grade 3\u201385, and third grade 3\u201340. There are, however, pieces where this paper label was used after 1974 for a short period. Just an inked stamp with the grade number inside a rectangle (or without) is also known.     <\/p>\n<p>On October 24th, 1974, a trademark\u2014a stylized bird\u2014was registered, and thereafter the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory, which was a part of Ukrkhudozhprom, began using a paper label depicting the stylized bird. The label also carried the grade and price, though the price was later removed.<\/p>\n<p>In the beginning, there was only one color variation of the bird \u2014 black. Later, the bird\u2019s color depended on the grade: 1st grade &#8211; red, 2nd grade &#8211; blue, and 3rd grade \u2014 green. This paper label was used approximately until 1998, when bankruptcy proceedings were initiated against the Vasylkiv Majolica Factory. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2638175 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2638175\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4faddf4\" data-id=\"4faddf4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99d60fa de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"99d60fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"436\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3e60b92135b3de946d12e04238d5c49a24caed46.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59660\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3e60b92135b3de946d12e04238d5c49a24caed46.png 436w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3e60b92135b3de946d12e04238d5c49a24caed46-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7644925\" data-id=\"7644925\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99c1703 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"99c1703\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/8dc8828996f55382bd1fcad442f419e4d2dc5d71.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59658\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/8dc8828996f55382bd1fcad442f419e4d2dc5d71.png 442w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/8dc8828996f55382bd1fcad442f419e4d2dc5d71-238x300.png 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89ed2b9\" data-id=\"89ed2b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cda4fc7 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cda4fc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c92ea4cf099133dfd5539ea59d7b4a0a3372654b.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59656\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c92ea4cf099133dfd5539ea59d7b4a0a3372654b.png 602w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c92ea4cf099133dfd5539ea59d7b4a0a3372654b-300x277.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8433d04\" data-id=\"8433d04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae6903d de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ae6903d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"534\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0bcee14fcfc6bc66292a1499412896ea77280bc2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59654\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0bcee14fcfc6bc66292a1499412896ea77280bc2.png 534w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0bcee14fcfc6bc66292a1499412896ea77280bc2-291x300.png 291w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4aefc2\" data-id=\"e4aefc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab264cd de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ab264cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"472\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aa73bac50abe38980adf07e1c0d5afc1850806bf.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59652\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aa73bac50abe38980adf07e1c0d5afc1850806bf.png 472w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aa73bac50abe38980adf07e1c0d5afc1850806bf-255x300.png 255w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"symbol-amp-meaning-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"symbol-amp-meaning-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bd2bf73{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-22d2305{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-76286b6{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-12672bc{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );font-size:36px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60449 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-588fc7a{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-20191c9{transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{color:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );--textColor:var( --e-global-color-el_color_7_1 );font-size:14px;transition:all 400ms;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri .elementor-heading-title{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri div{writing-mode:inherit;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > div, .elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h1, .elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d.ob-harakiri > h2, .elementor-60449 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-4d5d4a6 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:22px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-00da14d{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd7eabc{font-size:12px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img, .elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd svg{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6fda7bd img{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img, .elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 svg{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4fa2353 img{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4ae54cb img, .elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4ae54cb svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4ae54cb svg{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4ae54cb img{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3a6e0d4 img, .elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3a6e0d4 svg{width:320%;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3a6e0d4 svg{height:240px;}.elementor-60449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3a6e0d4 img{height:240px;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"60449\" class=\"elementor elementor-60449 elementor-59663\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd2bf73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"bd2bf73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d2305\" data-id=\"22d2305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76286b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"76286b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12672bc\" data-id=\"12672bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d4a6 ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d5d4a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symbol &amp; Meaning<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-588fc7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"588fc7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20191c9\" data-id=\"20191c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00da14d ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00da14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Symbols play a very important role in shaping our identity, culture, and collective memory. They can take many forms\u2014abstract, concrete, everyday, or sacred\u2014but their essence is always tied to deep meaning, deeper than the visible image alone. Over time, certain historical objects or artifacts can acquire symbolic significance through events that change the course of history. Major historical events give rise to new symbols that become part of a nation\u2019s cultural code. <\/p>\n<p>On April 2, 2022, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine officially announced that the Kyiv Region was liberated from Russian troops. On April 3, journalists were allowed to enter the village of Borodianka. One of them was Yelyzaveta Servatynska, who noticed two destroyed buildings. She saw a kitchen cabinet hanging on a destroyed wall, completely intact. Struck by this, she photographed it and shared the image. Later, in this photo, the rooster was noticed. It survived the bombing and was also completely intact on that kitchen cabinet. People began to admire the resilience of the ceramic, such a fragile object. The photo spread around the world and inspired many new touching images. Since then, it has become a symbol of resilience in Russia\u2019s war against Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p>Later, volunteers found another surviving rooster in the village of Moshchun. On the stove of a completely destroyed house, the delicate ceramic piece withstood the destruction once again.<\/p>\n<p>On April 9, 2022, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Boris Johnson, arrived in Ukraine on an official visit. As he and the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, were walking along Liuteranska Street in Kyiv, Ukrainian artist Valeriia Polianskova saw them and decided to present them with the same Vasylkiv roosters, which had already become an embodiment of the Ukrainian people\u2019s resilience and steadfastness. <\/p>\n<p>This spontaneous inner impulse and coincidence played a very important role in establishing this symbol, because just a few days later, photos of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Boris Johnson, and Valeriia together with the Vasylkiv roosters appeared on the pages of major international newspapers. This became a reminder to all Ukrainians\u2014and to the world as a whole\u2014that we are unbreakable despite every attempt to break us. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-958934a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"958934a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e4a92f\" data-id=\"2e4a92f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7eabc ob-harakiri-inherit de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7eabc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thus, the Vasylkiv rooster became not only a piece of folk art, but also a silent witness to tragedy and, at the same time, a living symbol of the resilience and steadfastness of Ukrainians.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-417657a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"417657a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1545bd\" data-id=\"b1545bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fda7bd de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6fda7bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"692\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2282fdd98ed43f0ff1d4d198e07ac4a2789d5209-1024x692.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59671\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2282fdd98ed43f0ff1d4d198e07ac4a2789d5209-1024x692.png 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2282fdd98ed43f0ff1d4d198e07ac4a2789d5209-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2282fdd98ed43f0ff1d4d198e07ac4a2789d5209-768x519.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2282fdd98ed43f0ff1d4d198e07ac4a2789d5209-1200x810.png 1200w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2282fdd98ed43f0ff1d4d198e07ac4a2789d5209.png 1226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c45e5e\" data-id=\"2c45e5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa2353 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fa2353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"978\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3ee74b22a2d3142311a6bdd74d22671acf59852b.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59669\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3ee74b22a2d3142311a6bdd74d22671acf59852b.png 978w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3ee74b22a2d3142311a6bdd74d22671acf59852b-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3ee74b22a2d3142311a6bdd74d22671acf59852b-768x652.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77ae79d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"77ae79d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-67d8893\" data-id=\"67d8893\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae54cb de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ae54cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-1024x682.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59667\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-1536x1023.png 1536w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-2048x1365.png 2048w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/02e7cd34106573b96291ceba9bb73d5a81092789-1200x800.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d63977f\" data-id=\"d63977f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6e0d4 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3a6e0d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/b1c0b6b84b0d0e6d6edc6d96292b36644ff22b10.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59665\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/b1c0b6b84b0d0e6d6edc6d96292b36644ff22b10.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/b1c0b6b84b0d0e6d6edc6d96292b36644ff22b10-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/b1c0b6b84b0d0e6d6edc6d96292b36644ff22b10-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0264d3 de_scroll_animation_no ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b0264d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script>(function () {\n  \/\/ ===== \u041d\u0410\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0419\u041a\u0418 =====\n  const DEBUG = true; \/\/ \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\n  const PREVENT_DEACTIVATE = true; \/\/ \u041f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 (\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432)\n\n  \/\/ \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435: \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0432 URL -> \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\n  const tabMap = {\n    history: \"\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\",\n    author: \"\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\",\n    tech: \"\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u044f \u0412\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\",\n    kleyma: \"\u041a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\",\n    symbol: \"\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443\",\n  };\n\n  \/\/ ===== \u0423\u0422\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0422\u042b \u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f =====\n  function log(...args) {\n    if (!DEBUG) return;\n    console.log(\"[tabs]\", ...args);\n  }\n  function warn(...args) {\n    if (!DEBUG) return;\n    console.warn(\"[tabs] \u26a0\", ...args);\n  }\n  function err(...args) {\n    if (!DEBUG) return;\n    console.error(\"[tabs] \u274c\", ...args);\n  }\n\n  \/\/ ===== \u041f\u041e\u0418\u0421\u041a \u041a\u041e\u0420\u041d\u042f \u0418 \u041a\u0410\u041d\u0414\u0418\u0414\u0410\u0422\u041e\u0412 =====\n  function getTabsRoot() {\n    const el = document.querySelector(\"#content-tabs\");\n    if (!el) warn(\"\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432 #content-tabs\");\n    return el;\n  }\n\n  \/\/ \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c \u0411\u041e\u041b\u0415\u0415 \u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 <li>, \u0438 <a> \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\n  \/\/ \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0430.\n  function getTabCandidates(tabsRoot) {\n    if (!tabsRoot) return [];\n    const list = tabsRoot.querySelectorAll(\n      [\n        '[role=\"tab\"]',\n        \/\/ Elementor\/HappyAddons \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432 (\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435):\n        '.elementor-tab-title',\n        '.ha-tabs-nav a[role=\"tab\"]',\n      ].join(\",\")\n    );\n    const arr = Array.prototype.slice.call(list);\n    log(\"\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432:\", arr.length, arr);\n    return arr;\n  }\n\n  function normalizeText(el) {\n    return (el.innerText || el.textContent || \"\").trim().toLowerCase();\n  }\n\n  function isActiveTab(el) {\n    \/\/ \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438\n    const aria = el.getAttribute && el.getAttribute(\"aria-selected\");\n    if (aria === \"true\") return true;\n    const cls = el.classList || { contains: () => false };\n    return (\n      cls.contains(\"active\") ||\n      cls.contains(\"is-active\") ||\n      cls.contains(\"elementor-active\") ||\n      cls.contains(\"ha-active\")\n    );\n  }\n\n  \/\/ \u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\n  let programmaticClickInProgress = false;\n  let lastActivationTs = 0;\n\n  \/\/ \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 (\"\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\", \"\u041a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\", ...)\n  function activateTabByLabel(labelText) {\n    const tabsRoot = getTabsRoot();\n    if (!tabsRoot) return;\n\n    const candidates = getTabCandidates(tabsRoot);\n    if (!candidates.length) return;\n\n    let targetBtn = null;\n    for (const btn of candidates) {\n      const text = normalizeText(btn);\n      if (text.startsWith(labelText.toLowerCase())) {\n        targetBtn = btn;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    if (!targetBtn) {\n      warn(\"\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438:\", labelText);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    if (isActiveTab(targetBtn)) {\n      log(\"\u0422\u0430\u0431 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d:\", labelText, targetBtn);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    log(\"\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431:\", labelText, targetBtn);\n\n    try {\n      programmaticClickInProgress = true;\n      lastActivationTs = Date.now();\n      \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c\n      targetBtn.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent(\"click\", { bubbles: true, cancelable: true }));\n    } catch (e) {\n      err(\"\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435:\", e);\n      \/\/ fallback\n      try { targetBtn.click(); } catch (e2) { err(\"click() \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b:\", e2); }\n    } finally {\n      \/\/ \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439\n      setTimeout(() => { programmaticClickInProgress = false; }, 120);\n    }\n  }\n\n  function keyFromHash() {\n    const raw = (window.location.hash || \"\").replace(\"#\", \"\").trim();\n    return raw || null;\n  }\n\n  function initFromHash() {\n    const key = keyFromHash();\n    log(\"initFromHash() ->\", key);\n    if (!key) return;\n    const label = tabMap[key];\n    if (!label) {\n      warn(\"\u0425\u0435\u0448 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 tabMap:\", key, tabMap);\n      return;\n    }\n    activateTabByLabel(label);\n  }\n\n  function updateHashForLabel(labelText) {\n    \/\/ \u041f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 tabMap\n    let foundKey = null;\n    for (const key in tabMap) {\n      if (tabMap[key].toLowerCase() === labelText.toLowerCase()) {\n        foundKey = key;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    if (!foundKey) {\n      warn(\"\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438:\", labelText);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const newHash = \"#\" + foundKey;\n    if (window.location.hash !== newHash) {\n      history.replaceState(null, \"\", newHash);\n      log(\"\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 hash ->\", newHash);\n    } else {\n      log(\"\u0425\u0435\u0448 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d:\", newHash);\n    }\n  }\n\n  const boundHandlers = new WeakSet();\n\n  function onUserTabClick(evt) {\n    const el = evt.currentTarget;\n    const text = normalizeText(el);\n    log(\"\u041a\u043b\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443:\", el, \"\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442=\", text, \"active?\", isActiveTab(el), \"programmatic=\", programmaticClickInProgress);\n\n    \/\/ \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\n    \/\/ \u0434\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435.\n    if (PREVENT_DEACTIVATE && isActiveTab(el)) {\n      \/\/ \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a, \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb\n      \/\/ (\u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 active)\n      if (!programmaticClickInProgress) {\n        log(\"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438\");\n        evt.preventDefault();\n        evt.stopPropagation();\n        return;\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442)\n    if (Date.now() - lastActivationTs <80) { log(\"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438-\u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044c: \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\"); return; } updateHashForLabel(text); } function bindClickHandlers(tabsRoot) { const candidates = getTabCandidates(tabsRoot); candidates.forEach((btn) => {\n      if (!boundHandlers.has(btn)) {\n        btn.addEventListener(\"click\", onUserTabClick, { capture: false });\n        boundHandlers.add(btn);\n        log(\"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\", btn);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  function setupMutationObserver(tabsRoot) {\n    if (!tabsRoot || !window.MutationObserver) return;\n    const mo = new MutationObserver(() => {\n      bindClickHandlers(tabsRoot);\n    });\n    mo.observe(tabsRoot, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n    log(\"MutationObserver \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d\");\n  }\n\n  function init() {\n    const tabsRoot = getTabsRoot();\n    if (!tabsRoot) return;\n\n    bindClickHandlers(tabsRoot);\n    setupMutationObserver(tabsRoot);\n\n    \/\/ \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 hash \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\n    initFromHash();\n  }\n\n  \/\/ \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431-\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c DOMContentLoaded;\n  \/\/ \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 + \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438.\n  window.addEventListener(\"load\", function () {\n    setTimeout(init, 200);\n  });\n\n  \/\/ \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\n  window.addEventListener(\"hashchange\", function () {\n    log(\"hashchange ->\", window.location.hash);\n    initFromHash();\n  });\n})();\n\n<\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About the Pivnyk Foundation History Author Manufacturing Technology Maker\u2019s Marks Symbol &amp; Meaning \u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0454 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432 29-25 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u043d.\u0435.\u00a0 \u0406\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0438: \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 (\u0444\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0441) \u0429\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0430) \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430). \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u0407\u0407 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044e, \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0456 \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u044f\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u0432\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456: \u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434.\u00a0\u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0443 \u0425\u0425 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0454\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044e \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u0412 1928 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456, \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0423\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456, 16 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0431`\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u044e \u00ab\u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u00bb. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 10 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0456 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0456, \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438. \u0417 1931 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 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\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-60365","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>About Pivnyk - \u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/en\/about-pivnyk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"About Pivnyk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"About the Pivnyk Foundation History Author Manufacturing Technology Maker\u2019s Marks Symbol &amp; Meaning \u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0454 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432 29-25 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u043d.\u0435.\u00a0 \u0406\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0438: \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 (\u0444\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0441) \u0429\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0430) 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\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437. \u0417 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u02bc\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/collection.pivnyk.com.ua\/en\/about-pivnyk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-17T08:36:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pivnyk.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c6b377257081527d5478ac8bc7a4a8e1b26abb30-1024x659.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" 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\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u043d.\u0435.\u00a0 \u0406\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0438: \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 (\u0444\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0441) \u0429\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0430) \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430). \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u0407\u0407 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